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Sunday, February 10, 2013
Common Ancestor of Mammals Plucked From Obscurity
[unable to retrieve full-text content]A lowly occupant of the fossil record, Protungulatum donnae, had anatomical characteristics for live births that anticipated all placental mammals, a Science report says.
Saturday, February 2, 2013
Gas promises bumper black hole 'weigh-in'
Friday, February 1, 2013
A new way of measuring the mass of supermassive black holes could revolutionise our understanding of how they form and help to shape galaxies.
The technique, developed by a team including Oxford University scientists, can spot the telltale tracer of carbon monoxide within the cloud of gas (mostly hydrogen) circling a supermassive black hole at the centre of a distant galaxy. By detecting the velocity of the spinning gas they are able to 'weigh' (determine the mass) of the black hole.
Detailed information on supermassive black holes, thought to be at the heart of most galaxies, is scarce: it has taken 15 years to measure the mass of just 60. The problem is that most other supermassive black holes are too far away to examine properly even with the Hubble Space Telescope.
The new method, when combined with new telescopes such as ALMA (Attacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array), promises to extend this black hole 'weigh-in' to thousands of distant galaxies. It will also enable the study of black holes in spiral galaxies (similar to our own Milky Way), which are hard to target using currently available techniques.
A report of the research is published in this week's Nature.
The team demonstrated the new technique on the supermassive black hole at the centre of a galaxy, NGC 4526, in the constellation of Virgo. NGC 4526 was chosen as a test because it has been widely studied but the team believe the technique will work on a wide range of different galaxies.
Tim Davis of the European Southern Observatory, lead author of the paper, said: 'We observed carbon monoxide molecules in the galaxy we were monitoring using the Combined Array for Research in Millimetre-wave Astronomy (CARMA) telescope. With its super-sharp images we were able to zoom right into the centre of the galaxy and observe the gas whizzing around the black hole. This gas moves at a speed which is determined by the black-hole's mass, and the distance from it. By measuring the velocity of the gas at each position, we can measure the mass of the black hole.'
Dr Michele Cappellari of Oxford University's Department of Physics, an author of the paper, said: 'Because of the limitations of existing telescopes and techniques we had run out of galaxies with supermassive black holes to observe. Now with this new technique and telescopes like ALMA we will be able to examine the relationship between thousands of more distant galaxies and their black holes giving us an insight into how galaxies and black holes co-evolve. Importantly our 'weigh-in' technique will work for all kinds of galaxies, including spiral galaxies which are particularly difficult to observe with previous techniques.'
Dr Martin Bureau of Oxford University's Department of Physics, an author of the paper, said: 'The ALMA telescope is now in the final stages of construction and our team is currently bidding for time to use it for our black hole survey. If all goes according to plan we could begin our survey by the end of this year.'
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University of Oxford: http://www.ox.ac.uk/
Thanks to University of Oxford for this article.
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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/126567/Gas_promises_bumper_black_hole__weigh_in_
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Strategies Colin Kaepernick Jersey For Effective Self-help / Youth ...
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Russia marks 70th anniversary of Stalingrad battle
In this photo made Friday, Feb. 1, 2013, Russian President Vladimir Putin, right, and Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, left, meet with World War II veterans at a reception marking the 70th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad, in the Kremlin in Moscow, Russia. The Battle of Stalingrad was turning point in World War II that led to the defeat of the Nazi Germany. Veteran at centre not identified.(AP Photo/RIA-Novosti, Alexei Nikolsky, Presidential Press Service)
In this photo made Friday, Feb. 1, 2013, Russian President Vladimir Putin, right, and Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, left, meet with World War II veterans at a reception marking the 70th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad, in the Kremlin in Moscow, Russia. The Battle of Stalingrad was turning point in World War II that led to the defeat of the Nazi Germany. Veteran at centre not identified.(AP Photo/RIA-Novosti, Alexei Nikolsky, Presidential Press Service)
In this photo made Friday, Feb. 1, 2013, Russian President Vladimir Putin, left, speaks with World War II veteran Ilya Filatov at a reception marking the 70th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad, in the Kremlin in Moscow, Russia. The Battle of Stalingrad was turning point in World War II that led to the defeat of the Nazi Germany. (AP Photo/RIA-Novosti, Alexei Nikolsky, Presidential Press Service)
In this photo made Friday, Feb. 1, 2013, Russian President Vladimir Putin, center, meets with World War II veterans at a reception marking the 70th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad, in the Kremlin in Moscow, Russia. The Battle of Stalingrad was turning point in World War II that led to the defeat of the Nazi Germany. (AP Photo/RIA-Novosti, Alexei Nikolsky, Presidential Press Service)
VOLGOGRAD, Russia (AP) ? An aged T-34 tank clattered into the center of the southern Russian city once known as Stalingrad and soldiers dressed in World War II-era uniforms marched solemnly as Russia marked the 70th anniversary of the end of one of modern warfare's bloodiest battles.
President Vladimir Putin came to the city later Saturday to take part in the commemorations, including a visit to the famous hilltop memorial complex surmounted by a towering 87-meter (280-foot) statue of a sword-wielding woman representing the motherland.
The city 900 kilometers (560 miles) south of Moscow suffered six months of intensive fighting, beginning with massive air strikes, as Nazi forces tried to push deep into the Soviet Union and reach its Caucasus oil fields.
At least 1.2 million people are estimated to have died before the fighting ended on Feb. 2, 1943. The Red Army's defeat of the Nazis after house-to-house battling was a decisive turn in World War II.
One of the houses became a particularly resonant symbol of the battle. The four-story apartment building became known as the Pavlov House after the sergeant whose platoon inflicted heavy damage on Nazi troops and tanks while under heavy attack for two months, even as civilians continued to occupy it.
A woman born in the house a couple of months before the siege, Zinaida Andreeva, told the Interfax news agency Saturday that "for me, Feb. 2 is like a birthday. It's a special day, in which tears and happiness are side by side."
The city was renamed Volgograd in 1961, as part of the Khrushchev era's drive to erase the personality cult of Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin. But the name Stalingrad is indelibly connected with the battle that is one of Russia's most-lauded military achievements.
The connection is so strong that the city council this week passed a resolution under which it would use the name Stalingrad in official communiques on the day commemorating the battle's end, as well as five other days marking World War II events.
The legacy of Stalin remains a delicate issue nearly 60 years after his death. Although widely reviled for his decades of brutality and repression, many laud him as leading the people to victory against Nazi Germany amid immense suffering.
In a controversial move, Stalin's image adorns five buses that are to run in Volograd until Russia observes Victory Day on May 9, and similar buses were to run Saturday in St. Petersburg and Chita.
The leader of the liberal Yabloko party's faction in the St. Petersburg city council, Georgy Poltavchenko, denounced the Stalin buses.
"The victory in the Great Patriotic War" as Russians call WWII " including the victory in the battle on the Volga, was not achieved thanks to the 'military genius' of Stalin ... but thanks to the heroic resistance of our people," he was quoted by Interfax as saying.
____
Jim Heintz in Moscow contributed to this report.
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Soldier admits shooting friend while trying to cure hiccups
By Jeff Black and Andrew Mach, Staff Writers, NBC News
Killeen Police Department
A Fort Hood soldier pleaded guilty Thursday to involuntary manslaughter -- admitting he accidentally shot his friend while trying to scare away the hiccups.?
Spc. Patrick Edward Myers, of Spartanburg, S.C., was sentenced to 3 1/2 years in military prison for fatally shooting 22-year-old Pfc. Isaac Lawrence Young, of Ash Grove, Mo., in the face in September while they were watching a football game at an apartment in Killeen, Texas.?
Myers was also busted to private and will receive a bad-conduct discharge, the Associated Press reported.
Police said three men were inside the apartment on Sunday, Sept. 23, watching a football game and drinking alcohol when one of the men produced a handgun, handled it in an "unsafe manner," and shot the victim in the face.?
An arrest affidavit obtained by the Associated Press in September said Myers apparently pointed a gun at the victim's head to scare him and stop the hiccups.
Myers said he thought the gun had dummy rounds when it was discharged.?
The case was tried in military court on the Central Texas Army post because the both victim and suspect were soldiers. Myers has been in the Bell County Jail on a $1 million bond.?
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Saturday, January 19, 2013
Whale watching tours offer chance to see endangered species off California coast (Photos)
?It?s like butter out there today,? comments Captain Dan Salas, CEO of Harbor Breeze Cruises, and our whale-watching guide for this morning?s excursion.
Butter is apparently the optimal consistency for spotting some of the world?s largest creatures as they glide past Long Beach, CA on route to the balmy climes of Baja, Mexico.
Flat, glassy water makes it easier to see blows (the plumes of water formed when a whale exhales at the surface) and fluke prints (the discolored patches of water caused by the powerful upstroke of a whale?s tail as it propels itself along near the surface), both telltale signs that a cetacean appearance is imminent.
However, neither the migrating grey whales nor the endangered fin whales are cooperating so far this morning, and after stopping at two regular feeding grounds we have yet to encounter any of the majestic creatures.
No one is remotely bothered by this?we are too busy being entertained by a rare superpod of common dolphins that has swarmed around the catamaran.
As the water around us fills with splashing tails, we are treated to the sight of thousands (five according to the crew?s estimate) of dolphins leaping alongside the vessel and playing in its wake.
?This really is quite something,? enthuses Captain Salas, who has clearly retained his enjoyment of marine mammal sightings even after 22 years in the business.
The waters off the California coastline are a giant all-you-can-eat buffet of squid, anchovies, sardines, and krill, making them a prime feeding ground for whales and dolphins and an ideal sightseeing location for wildlife lovers.
Unfortunately, the area also happens to be one of the world?s busiest shipping lanes; the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach unload 40% of all U.S. goods imported from Asia.
Creating an oceanic superhighway that runs directly through such attractive habitat is bad news for marine mammals: at least 90 whales have been struck by ships on the West Coast over the past 14 years, many of them endangered.
As Monica DeAngelis, marine mammal biologist at NOAA?s National Marine Fisheries Service points out, this figure may be even higher.
?The statistics we have represent the minimum number of animals that have been ship struck,? she said.
?There are probably more, but we only see those that wash up on the beach.?
Just last month, a 40-foot fin whale washed ashore on Malibu?s Point Dume, exhibiting injuries that experts say were consistent with a ship strike.
As if to further prove the point, our first fin whale of the day surfaces within 100 yards of Whiskey Buoy? right in the middle of the shipping lane.
Captain Salas keeps a respectful distance as it casually meanders along the surface before disappearing back to the relative safety of the ocean?s depths.
The marine mammal team at the Aquarium of the Pacific hopes that at least some whale fatalities will be avoided by adjusting the shipping lanes in Southern California, a measure that has just been approved by the International Maritime Organization.
Later this year, the southbound traffic lane will shift one nautical mile north to give migrating whales more space to feed, a decision that was made after several years of collaboration between the IMO, the U.S. Coastguard, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Other changes include extending the three lanes in the approach to San Francisco Bay, which will improve maritime safety by keeping vessels on a dedicated route through prime fishing grounds, reducing interaction between fishing vessels and commercial ships.
?We think this is basically a two for one,? said Ms. DeAngelis. ?We get to improve vessel safety while hopefully reducing the number of ship strikes involving whales.?
For those of you wondering why whales don?t just ?get out of the way? when they see a 1,200-foot container ship headed in their general direction, the answer may not be as simple as you might expect.
?A lot of people ask us that,? said Ms. DeAngelis. ?But the truth is there?s a lot we don?t know about whales and their behavior.?
?Some people have reported that blue whales appear to be headed toward a ship rather than diving rapidly to avoid a collision,? she added.
?There?s a lot of complexity from the whales? side.?
With the onus being on boat owners and jet skiers to avoid collisions with marine mammals, the team is keen to emphasize the importance of water safety.
?We?ve seen the damage propeller damage can do to a whale and everyone plays a role in preventing it,? says Kera Mathes, marine biologist at the Aquarium of the Pacific and head of the whale identification program.
?It?s good to be responsible, to be aware.?
As we head back toward a beautifully sunny Rainbow Harbor (with just a hint of Los Angeles smog marring the air above it), a pod of Pacific white-sided dolphins swims under the bow of the boat.
Minutes later, we pass a snoozing elephant seal, and as we pull into the entrance to the harbor, two sea lions lazily wave a flipper.
The Southern California coastline truly is a paradise for fans of marine life, and thanks to the conservation efforts of the team at the Aquarium of the Pacific and many like-minded organizations, it will hopefully remain so for many years to come.
To find out more about endangered whale species, environmental threats, and current conservation efforts, visit the Aquarium of the Pacific?s award-winning Whales: Voices in the Sea multimedia exhibit.
To find out more about Harbor Breeze Cruises? whale watching tours, visit the organization?s website. Combo tickets are also available for purchase at the Aquarium.
Tickets cost $45.95 for adults ages 12 and up, $41.95 for seniors aged 62+, and $30.95 for children under 12 (all tickets include a two and a half hour whale watch tour in addition to Aquarium admission).
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Givenchy makes menswear combatorial
PARIS (AP) ? Gladiatorial combat is in the air for Givenchy's ever-creative Riccardo Tisci.
For the fall-winter 2013 menswear show, the Italian designer delved into his rich ancestry bringing back hundreds upon hundreds of candles which carved out an ominous catwalk arena.
Like Roman torches, they lit the way for the models who filed by in 48 mainly black-and-white looks.
The references were subtle but unmistakable: square breastplate-like photographs by Robert Mapplethorpe printed on T-shirts, sweaters and tank tops.
Winter bubble jackets, tied round the waist, fell in the shape of a legionary's skirt ? sometimes on top of shorts ? almost to the groin ? that exposed the muscular models' legs.
Then, leather shoes shined provocatively with a silver armor-band; while combat gear was also evoked in crudely stitched padded biker jackets and sweaters.
For several minutes, Ancient Rome did indeed come to Paris ? albeit with a contemporary, even futuristic edge.
There was, however, a real sense of continuity with previous season's styles ? despite the new theme.
Tisci's signature gothic and black-heavy palette was used, for instance.
A long gray coat that lacked lapels, also evoked the ecclesiastical style of last season's show, that Tisci said explored his catholic roots.
As ever, the look was unbusy, clean and often minimalist, with a tight silhouette.
For fall-winter therefore, it was not revolution, but evolution, Roman-style.
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Thomas Adamson can be followed at http://Twitter.com/ThomasAdamsonAP
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/givenchy-makes-menswear-combatorial-211651003.html
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